中日在稀有金属领域的战略博弈——兼评中国稀土产业政策效果

日本本土稀有金属资源极度匮乏,但却是世界稀有金属消费大国和应用强国。随着稀有金属在战略性新兴产业应用日益广泛,中日两个稀有金属资源和应用大国在该领域展开了数轮博弈。为应对中国收紧稀有金属出口的一揽子政策措施,日本综合运用技术、经济、政治、外交手段,形成了以技术创新为核心、市场化为基本导向、官产学联动的稀有金属保障战略体系,有效缓解了其国内稀有金属供给趋紧的压力,进一步巩固了日本在稀有金属全球价值链上的竞争优势。长期以来,中国稀有金属的资源优势未能上升为产业优势。借鉴日本稀有金属保障体系,应加快构建稀有矿产资源国家战略,推动稀有金属产业链向高端环节延展,切实维护国家资源安全。

Strategic Game between China and Japan in Rare Metal Field---Comments on Effects of China's Rare Earth Industrial Policy

Japan,though with extreme shortage of rare metal resource in its mainland,has undoubtedly be-come the world’s power nation of rare metal consumption and application.Along with the wider utilization of rare metal in strategic new industries,China and Japan have launched several rounds of game in the re-lated fields.To deal with the tightening-up control on rare metal production and export of the Chinese gov-ernment,Japan comprehensively implemented technical,economic,political and diplomatic means to ensure the safety of its rare metal supply system with technical innovation as the core,marketing as the basic ori-entation,interaction among the government,industry and research,so as to form the ensuring strategic sys-tem of rare metal,which help ease the metal supply strain and further strengthen Japan’s competitive ad-vantage in global value chain of rare metal.For a long time,China’s rare metal resources advantage has not become industrial advantage.We should draw lessons from Japan’s ensuring strategic system of rare metal to advance the development of national strategy of rare metal resources,boost rare mental industrial chain towards high-end part and protect the safety of national resources.