古代法制的生成及其演进逻辑——以事制为中心

中国古代法制在其发展过程中,实际上形成了事制与刑制并驾齐驱的两面:一方面是通过"议事以制"——"制事典"——"令以存事制",编成令典;一方面是历经"不为刑辟"——"正法罪"——"律以正罪名",编成律典。它们是中国古代法的两个重要组成部分。人定规则的生成、成文法的出现、法典编制成功及"诸法合体"格局的突破,是中国古代法生成发展的三个关键节点。而从先秦的"制事典",到中古的"益事律"、"存事制","议事以制"的传统一脉相承,演绎了中国古代法源远流长的另一面。

Generation and Evolvement Logic of Ancient Legal Systems---focusing on Formulation of Civil Rules

In fact,during development of China’s ancient legal systems,formulation of civil rules and criminal rules coexisted,for on one hand,codes of civil rules are generated by three phases of“resolution by rules”,“formulation of rules”,and“ legislation of civil rules”;on the other hand,code of criminal rules are generates also by three phases of“avoidance of penalization”,“punishment by criminal prosecu-tion”and“legislation of criminal rules”. The codes of civil rules and criminal rules have constituted two major parts of China’s ancient laws. With regard to the evolvement of China’s ancient legal systems,there are also three key phases of generation of civic rules,formation of statutes and achievement of codification as well as breakthrough of“combination of all laws”. Furthermore,from the“formulation of statutory rules”in ancient Qin Dynasty,to“separated formulation of civil rules”and“codification of civil rules”in medieval times,it can be seen that the tradition of resolution by rules has constantly developed,which has well proved the long history of ancient law evolvement in China.