中国养老制度设计问题与认识反思

当下的中国养老制度在服务体系定位、志愿者服务、居家养老服务、政府示范性养老基地建设、乘车优待与尊老金等制度安排和养老协议等诸多方面的合理性存在不少疑点。如养老服务体系"以家庭照料为主,社区照料为辅,机构照料为兜底"可能更加准确;志愿者服务只能作为养老服务之补充,而决不能作为制度性养老服务安排;示范性养老基地配置的设备主要是满足入住的普通老年人的基本生活需求,而绝不应该是专为极少数老年权贵服务的高级养老院等等。社会形成的老年服务市场非常广大、老人独居问题严重、不应轻老重幼等共识也有反思的必要。随着陌生社区的形成和城市建设中养老障碍的增加,校正政策制定中的价值取向对当下中国尤为重要。

Designing of China's Senior Care System——Awareness and Reflection

China’s current senior care system is bothered with various rationality-related problems,such as the positioning of service system,volunteer services,home-based senior care services,building of government demonstration pension bases,on-board preferential treatment,senior discount,and pension agreements.For instance,a more accurate senior care service system would be that "home-based care plays the primary role,supported by community-based care,and guaranteed by institutional care as backup".Volunteer service can only be taken as the supplement to senior care service,not as institutional arrangement in this aspect.Facilities at demonstration senior care bases shall meet the basic needs of ordinary senior citizens,not to be developed into deluxe retirement house for a small number of privileged people.Our society has given birth to a rather huge market for senior services,yet many elders still live in solitude in an age when the old are neglected while the young are over-emphasized.All these issues demand our awareness and reflection.