伽达默尔的瞬间概念

时间问题是西方哲学的基本问题,因而也是伽达默尔哲学解释学思想的一项重要内容。伽达默尔吸收了西方时间观中关于充实的时间的思想,提炼出自己的瞬间概念。瞬间概念将流逝的时间因素转变为人的生命内涵,一方面为伽达默尔形成历史性观念奠定了思想基础,令伽达默尔得以阐述人的历史性连贯性与现实历史的非连贯性之间的张力关系,借助于历史性的连贯性建立现实历史的连贯性;另一方面为新旧不同视域的融合提供了契机,令伽达默尔得以阐述现实历史中新时代与旧时代之间既断裂又融合的相互关系,表达自己侧重于连贯性而非断裂性的历史观。瞬间概念还同伽达默尔的历史间距、应用、效应史等观念水乳交融,为我们理解伽达默尔哲学解释学总体思想提供了一条重要线索。

Gadamer's Concept of Instantaneity

The issue concerning time has been a basic topic of Western philosophy,and thus one of the key ideas in Gadamer’s philosophy and hermeneutics.Gadamer absorbed the idea about substantial time in the Western concept of time,based on which he extracted his own concept about instantaneity.The concept of instantaneity transforms the elapsed time factors into the connotation of human life.On the one hand,this provides the theoretical foundation for the formation of Gadamer’s historical concepts,allowing him to explain the tension between man’s historical continuity and the actual historical discontinuity and to establish actual historical continuity with the help from historical continuity;on the other hand,this also provides an opportunity for the integration of old and new perspectives,allowing Gadamer to explain the interrelation between new and old eras in the actual history featuring both fracture and fusion,and to express his own view of history that focuses on continuity rather than disconnection.The concept of instantaneity is also highly compatible to Gadamer’s ideas about historical intervals,applications,and effects,offering an important clue for us to understand the general theories of Gadamer’s philosophy and hermeneutics.