美国的世界秩序观与东亚国际体系的演变(1900-1945)(Ⅰ)

本文从美国的国际秩序观入手,通过考察20世纪上半期东亚国际体系的演变,尝试为这一时期的东亚国际关系建立一个多国的、宏观的分析框架。作者认为:美国从世纪之交就开始谋求在东亚建立一个不同于欧洲权力政治的新的国际秩序,这是美国从建国之初就萌生的改造国际秩序思想的延续;20世纪上半期东亚国际关系的演变过程是美国不断推行和实施其国际秩序思想的过程,美国新的国际秩序思想集中体现在华盛顿体系的建立上;从30年代初直至二战结束,东亚国际关系的演变可以被视为美国捍卫、中国认同、日本挑战华盛顿体系的过程;战后初期美国试图建立的东亚国际秩序不过是华盛顿体系的修正版;华盛顿体系并非仅仅是帝国主义的工具,相反在很多方面有助于中国国家利益的维护。

American Concept of World Order and the Evolution of East-Asian International System (1900- 1945) (Ⅰ)

The article is aimed to establish a broader, multinational framework of analysis of the evolution of international relations in the East Asia through a systematic perspective. According to the author, since the turn of the centuries , the US has sought to establish a new order in the East Asia which was considered sharply different from the old order of power politics sponsored by the European countries. American concept of a new world order originated from the age of the American Revolution and was widely accepted and successfully adopted at the Washington Conference. A new international order known as Washington System emerged as the result of the Conference and constituted the setting of the East Asian relations. From early 1920s to the end of the Second World War, the different attitude and policy of the powers towards Washington System formed the main theme of East Asian international relations. The US tried to preserve and defend it and China wanted to integrate into it and identify itself with the Washington System, but Japan came to realize that the System violated its interest and attempted to challenge and destroy it. Contrary to the traditional dunking, the author's argument is that Washington System was not incompatible with China's national interest and was used in certain conditions as an instrument to gain foreign assistance and defend China against Japanese aggression.