“一国两制”下的香港司法机关

香港特别行政区司法机关得到国际社会和香港本地社会的高度评价。本文阐述了香港司法制度的结构,包括法院的架构、规模以及双语法制;介绍了香港的法官制度,包括法官的任命和服务条件,法官的选拔、培训、考核和行为守则,对法官的投诉机制,法官的任期、薪酬待遇以及司法行政等;梳理总结了香港对司法独立和司法公义的制度保障。在“一国两制”的宪制安排下,香港司法也体现出特殊性。香港享有终审权,各级法院对基本法亦有解释权,但全国人大常委会颁布的基本法的解释,香港各级法院必须遵从。

Hong Kong’s Judiciary under “One Country,Two Systems”

Hong Kong’s judiciary is highly regarded by the international community and the local community.This paper describes the structure of the judicial system in Hong Kong,including the structure,scale and the bilingual legal system of the courts;introduces the judge system in Hong Kong,including the appointment and qualifications of judges,the selection,training,assessment and code of conduct of judges,complaint mechanism agaisnt judges,tenure,remuneration and adminstration of judges,etc.This paper also summarizes the institutional guarantee of judicial independence and justice in Hong Kong.Under the constitutional arrangement of“One Country,Two Systems”,Hong Kong’s judiciary also shows its particularity.Hong Kong holds the power of final adjudication while the courts at all levels have the right to interpret the Basic Law.However,courts at all levels in Hong Kong must comply with the interpretation of the Basic Law promulgated by the Standing Committee of the National People’s Congress.