印度的港口导向型发展战略及其影响

《萨格尔马拉国家远景规划》于2015年5月25日被印度联合内阁批准通过,并于2016年4月在孟买首届"海事印度峰会上发布。这一规划是印度中长期发展战略,也是印度海运部的旗舰项目,其核心是"港口导向型发展"战略,主要确定了四大支柱,即港口现代化、港口互联互通、港口导向工业化、沿海社区发展。这一规划的实施对印度制造业的推进将是革命性的,将以最小的基础设施投资降低进出口和国内贸易的物流成本。规划的影响也将是深远的,通过优化货物运输来降低物流成本,提升原材料、技能、配套基础设施和现有产业集聚的竞争力,以吸引世界制造业向印度转移;要通过适当的政策和机构干预,支持和加强港口导向发展,为印度经济发展提供动力;促进港口主导的经济社会发展和对外合作,是该国印度洋战略的重要依托,会对印度洋战略形成有利支撑;印度的新海洋战略与其东向行动政策配合,还会大大拓展印—太战略空间,将加强印太合作、夯实印太战略。因此,我们应深入研究中印发展战略,在两国领导人引领下建立两国互信机制,对接印度港口导向型发展战略,与印度联手参与孟中印缅经济走廊地区的港口建设。加强国际地区问题协调、引领建立地区非传统安全合作机制,共同开发南亚、东南亚、中东、非洲国家第三方市场。

India’s Port-oriented Development Strategy and Its Influence

The Sagamara Long-Term National Plan was approved by the Indian Coalition Cabinet on May 25,2015 and released at the First Maritime India Summit in Bombay in April 2016.The plan is a medium and long-term development strategy for India and a flagship project of the Indian Marine Department.Its core is the"Port-oriented development"strategy,which mainly identifies four pillars:port modernization,port interconnectivity,port-oriented industrialization,and coastal community development.The implementation of this plan will be a revolutionary boost to Indian manufacturing industry,which shall use the minimum infrastructure investment to reduce the logistics cost for imports,exports and domestic trade.The plan will also have a far-reaching impact.By optimizing the freight transport,the logistics cost is reduced,and the competitiveness of raw materials,skills,supporting infrastructure and existing industrial clusters is improved,it will attract the world’s industrial transfer to India.Through appropriate policy and institution interventions,the port-oriented development shall be supported and strengthened,then provide impetus for port-oriented economic development in India.The promotion of portled economic and social development and foreign cooperation is an important basis for the Indian Ocean Strategy of this country,which will form a favorable support for the Indian Ocean strategy.Indian new ocean strategy,cooperated with its"East Action Policy",will also greatly expand the India-Pacific strategic space,which will enhance India-Pacific cooperation and consolidate India-Pacific strategy.Therefore,we should deeply study the development strategies of the two countries,establish a bilateral confidence-building mechanism under the guidance of the leaders of both countries,align with port-oriented development strategy in India and join hands with India in port construction of Bangladesh-China-India-Myanmar Economic Corridor.We will also strengthen coordination on international and regional issues and guide the establishment of regional non-traditional security cooperation mechanism.