日本近世关于伊势外宫地位的论争

江户时代伊势神宫中的内外两宫围绕外宫的性质和地位高低问题发生过激烈的论战。外宫神职主张,外宫的祭神不仅是丰受大神,同时也是国常立尊和天御中主神,这样就赋予了丰受大神以祖先神的性质。外宫神职同时延续了中世的"二宫一光说",即认为两宫关系是阴与阳、水与火的二元关系,天照是二宫之通称。外宫据此谋求提高自身地位,达至与内宫地位对等。内宫方面则逐个反驳以上主张,否定外宫祭神是国常立尊,并彻底反对中国的阴阳思想。外宫在论战中的失败是追求地位对等与封建等级秩序之间的根本矛盾所决定的。

Controversy over the Outer Shrine＇s Position in Ise during Early Modern Japan

During the Edo period, there had been an intense controversy between the Inner and Outer Shrine in Ise over theposition of the Outer Shrine. The Outer Shrine contended that the deity worshiped in it was not only the Toyouke no Omikami,but the Kuninotokotachi no Kami and the Amenominakanushi no Kami as well, which thus endowed the Toyouke no Omikamiwith the property of god as ancester. The priests of the Outer Shrine also followed the theory of the ＂two Shrines as a whole＂from the midieval period, believing that the two Shrines were in binary relation as Yin and Yang, water and flame, and thatAmaterasu should be the common name for both of the shrine. With these arguments, the Outer Shrine seek for higher positionand equal status with the Inner Shrine. Eventually, the Inner Shrine refuted these arguments one by one. They negated the OuterShrine＇s deity as the Kuninotokotachi no Kami and opposed the Chinese theory of Yin and Yang completely. The defeat of theOuter Shrine was destined by the fundamental contraction between the pursuit of equality and the feudal hierarchy. /