分配制度、收入差距与中等收入陷阱的跨越——基于日本的经验

20世纪中叶至80年代,日本逐步完善了以藏富于民为基础,以稳定就业为核心,以最低工资为保障,以收入倍增为目标的初次收入分配制度,并在再分配过程中,形成了统一均衡的财政制度、直接税主导的税收制度与保险特征的社会保障制度,并配套实施分类分级的高额累进制所得税与健全全民性社保体系。通过收入分配制度有效供给,日本创造了"一亿国民皆中产"的平等神话,从而成功地跨越了"中等收入陷阱",跻身于高收入国家行列。日本的成功经验,对于正面临居民收入差距持续扩大与落入"中等收入陷阱"风险加大的中国来说,具有重要启发与借鉴意义。

Distribution System,Income Inequality and Crossing of Middle-incomeTrap——Based on the Japanese Experience and Enlightenment

From the middle of the 20th century to the 1980's, Japan improved gradually the first income distribution system that taking the possession of wealth among the people as the base, stable employment as the core, the minimum wage as the security, the income multiplier as the aim.In the process of redistribution, it has formed the unified balanced fiscal system, direct tax-led system and social security system with the feature of insurance, the high-amount progressive income tax of classification and grading, and the national social security system.Through the effective supply of the income distribution system, Japan has created the equality myth of "all one hundred million national belonging to the middle class", which successfully crossed the "middle-income trap" among the ranks of high-income countries.The successful experience of Japan has important inspiration and reference for China with facing residents' income disparity widening and risk of falling into a "middle-income trap".