“放管服”改革的行政法意义及其完善

与先前行政审批制度改革相比,党的十八大以来大力推进的"放管服"改革更加强调权力调整的动态性、整体性、系统性,其对于优化政府职责、转变监管方式、深入推进国家治理体系和能力现代化具有明显的积极意义。但此轮"放管服"改革依然沿袭了行政审批制度改革的运动化、政策化思路,并不完全符合法治政府建设的基本要求。从职权法定、监管工具的动态调整、优化公共服务的基本法则三个方面,"放管服"改革的行政法意义和合法性风险可以得到更加清晰的呈现。要提升"放管服"改革的法治品性,需要以《行政许可法》的有效实施为核心,通过设立专门的社会化的"放管服"改革委员会、激活行政许可评价制度、引入更广泛的专家和社会参与、完善试验改革的授权制度、优化规制工具分析评价制度几个方面来实现。

The Perfection and the Administrative Law Significance of the Decentralization Reform

Compared with the previous reform of the administrative approval, the DecentralizationReform which have been vigorously promoted since the 18 th National Congress of the CPC emphasized more on the dynamic, holistic, and systematic nature of power adjustments. The reform is important for optimizing government responsibilities, transforming supervision methods, and modernizing China’s governance system and capacity for governance. However, it still follows the motion-oriented and policy-oriented method as the administrative approval reform, which does not fully meet the basic requirements of the construction of a lawbased government. From the three aspects of statutory powers, the dynamic adjustment of regulatory tools, and the basic principles of optimizing public services, the significance of administrative law and legitimacy risks for deregulation and service reform can be presented more clearly.To improve the law character of the Decentralization Reform, we need to the make the effective implementation of the ‘administrative licensing law’ as the core, and set up special social reform committee, activate the administrative licensing evaluation system, introduce a wider range of experts and social participation, improve the system of authorization, optimize regulation tools analysis and evaluation system.