打破政策“黑箱”的制度设计——基于广州政策兑现实践的研究

如何打破政策“黑箱”是学界和社会关注的重要议题。以广州市政策兑现改革实践为例,探讨如何从制度设计层面来打开公共政策过程中的政策“黑箱”。研究发现,虽然公共政策过程是一个动态且复杂的过程,但是通过统筹政策制定和政策落地两端、主观要素客观化、模糊标准明确化、重塑政府流程等,能够形成确定的决策环境,控制非理性因素,约束自由裁量权,并压缩权力寻租空间,从而可以从源头消除政策“黑箱”的形成土壤。广州市政府政策兑现改革过程中,通过“输入—转化—输出”的制度框架设计,形成了从政策制定到政策执行再到政策结果与评估的政策闭环,并对政策兑现的相关责任单位、流程和时限都进行了严格把控,进而实现对政策“黑箱”内部决策要素的控制。从政策“黑箱”本身入手,破解政策“黑箱”难题,实现政策的阳光承诺和给付,最终形成极具特色和借鉴意义的广州模式。

An Institutional Design to Break the Policy “Black-Box”: Based on the Research of the Practice of Policy Realization in Guangzhou

How to break the policy“black-box”is an important issue concerned by academia and society.Tak⁃ing the practice of policy realization in Guangzhou as an example,this article discusses how to open the discov⁃ery of the policy“black-box”in public policy process from the aspects of institutional design.Although the public policy process is dynamic and complex,however,through coordinating both policy formulation and poli⁃cy implementation,objectifying subjective elements,clarifying fuzzy standards,and remolding the government processes,thus to form a definite decision-making environment,to control irrational factors will be controlled,to restrain the discretionary power,and to compress the power rent-seeking space,can eliminate the formation soil of the policy“black-box”at source.In the process of the reform of the Guangzhou municipal government policy realization,through the“input–transformation–output”institutional framework design,a policy closed-loop from policy formulation to policy implementation and then to policy result and evaluation has been formed,and the relevant responsible units,procedures,and time limits for policy implementation have been strictly controlled,and then the control of internal decision-making elements of the policy“black-box”has been realized.The Guangzhou mode with extremely characteristics and reference significance is finally formed through starting from the policy“black-box”itself,cracking the policy“black-box”puzzle,and achieving the policy’s transparent promise and accomplishment.