后现代主义身份政治的衰颓与新民粹主义的崛起

20世纪70、80年代,资本主义进入一个相对稳定的发展时期,大规模阶级斗争相对缓和,新自由主义乘势崛起。作为新自由主义主流运动的补充,后现代主义身份政治发展起来。后现代主义身份政治从经济决定论转向文化和意识形态决定论,从大规模集体行动的逻辑转向分散的斗争。美国金融危机以来,大规模社会运动复兴,经济议题回到政治运动的中心,后现代主义身份政治的文化和自我意识革命逐步衰颓,新民粹主义乘势崛起。在聚焦经济议题和强调集体行动方面,新民粹主义和后现代主义身份政治迥然不同,但是从强调族群的文化和身份差异的角度来说,新民粹主义又把后现代主义身份政治发展到了极端。后现代主义身份政治是与金融资本的上升期相适应的,新民粹主义是与金融资本的下降期相适应的,但二者都因不理解金融资本的本性而把民众运动引向了错误的方向。只有社会主义民主运动才能赋予民众运动以正确的方向。

The Decline of Postmodernist Identity Politics and the Rise of Neopopulism

In the 1970s and 1980s,capitalism entered a period of relatively stable development,with a relative easing of large-scale class struggle and the rise of neoliberalism.As a supplement to the mainstream movement of neoliberalism,postmodernist identity politics developed,shifting from economic determinism to cultural and ideological determinism,and from the logic of large-scale collective action to decentralized struggles.Since the financial crisis in the United States,large-scale social movements have been revived,economic issues have re⁃turned to the center of political movements,the cultural and the self-conscious revolution of postmodernist iden⁃tity politics have been gradually declining,and new populism has been rising.In terms of focusing on economic issues and emphasizing the collective action,neopopulism is very different from postmodernist identity politics,but from the perspective of emphasizing the cultural differences and identity differences among ethnic groups,neopopulism has developed postmodernist identity politics to the extreme.Postmodernist identity politics is compatible with the rising period of financial capital,while neopopulism is compatible with the declining period of financial capital,but both of them lead the mass movement in a wrong direction because they do not under⁃stand the nature of financial capital.Only the socialist democratic movement can give the popular movement a correct direction.