论孙中山"革命学"中的"自由"

“自由”是孙中山“革命之学问”中的重要基石,是革命正当性的重要依据。孙氏的“自由”观由两个互相矛盾的内容构成:一是“自由”是人民不可剥夺的政治权利;二是在中国当时的革命环境中,要国家团体有自由就必须牺牲国民的个体自由权利。孙氏在这个问题上实际上是混淆了古代“自由”与近代“自由”的区别。

"Freedom"of Sun Yat-Sen's Revolution Theory

In Sun Yat-Sen's theory of revolution,whether citizens have freedom was an important and appropriate cause of revolution.However,he significantly decreased the importance of freedom to citizens in the process of elaboration.On one hand,he compared freedom to air and held that citizens were in the atmosphere of free air flow and so freedom was not urgently needed.On the other hand,Sun Yat-Sen divided freedom into individual freedom and organizational freedom,and held that what citizens lacked of was organizational freedom more than individual freedom.Furthermore,he stated that limiting and depriving individual freedom was a prerequisite of the realization of organizational freedom.Sun Yat-Sen seriously confused the ancient freedom with the modern freedom.It was in this confusion that Sun Yat-Sen expressed earnestly the political concern and the basic desire of a revolutionary leader.