恩格斯晚年对马克思主义法学的新贡献

从法学角度看,恩格斯晚年创造性地运用历史唯物主义的立场和方法,巩固和发展了历史唯物主义法学理论。恩格斯系统阐发了国家和法的起源与演进理论,批判了费尔巴哈唯心主义历史观和黑格尔唯心主义法哲学,进一步阐发了历史发展的内在辩证法;根据欧洲的新形势,恩格斯主张工人阶级要将合法斗争与“非法”斗争相结合;结合巴黎公社经验,他阐述了无产阶级新型国家和法制的基本原理,反对国家崇拜;在一系列通信中,他深入阐发了法和国家对经济关系的积极反作用和相对独立性理论,批驳了社会发展的“唯经济论”。恩格斯一系列法哲学新观点,对于当今时代深入理解法与经济的关系、法的历史发展规律、法的本质及功能、法律意识形态等问题,都依然具有极为重要的指导意义。

Friedrich Engels's New Contribution to Marxist Jurisprudence in His Later Years

From the perspective of jurisprudence,Engels creatively used the standpoint and methodology of historical materialism in his later years to consolidate and develop the legal theory of historical materialism.He expounded systematically the origin and evolution theory of state and law,he criticized Feuerbach’s idealist view of history and Hegel’s idealist philosophy of law,and further elucidated the internal dialectics of historical development.He advocated that the working class should combine the legal struggle with the“illegal”struggle according to the new situation in Europe.He also combined with the experience of the Paris Commune,ex?pounded the basic principles of the new proletarian state and legal system,and opposed the state worship.in a series of correspondence,he deeply expounded the theory of the positive reaction of law and state to economic relations and of and relative independentability of law and state,and refuted the“only-economic”view of social development.A series of new viewpoints on the philosophy of law of Engels are still of great guiding significance for us to deeply understand the relationship between law and economy,the law of the historical development of law,the nature and function of law,and the legal ideology.