精英阶层再生产与阶层固化程度——以青年的职业地位获得为例

市场转型期,精英阶层的更替过程越来越强调个人能力和高等学历的作用。但这种机制并不排除精英再生产逻辑的运作,政治精英和技术精英都可以将自己的阶层优势传递给下一代。只是精英阶层的再生产规模和阶层固化的程度都是有限的,家庭背景等因素对青年成为精英的作用是基础性的,而不是无限制扩大的。较高学历、中高级职称与高行政级别等阶层身份特征在很大程度上都不具有代际再生产的特性。数据分析表明,在市场转型的头20年里,精英阶层的固化程度还不足以影响社会流动机制的正常运行。

Elite Reproduction and Class Solidification in Urban China:Taking the Status Acquisition of Young Elites as an Example

During the market transition period,the Elites’Status Acquisition is increasingly dependent on the individual ability and higher education.However,this mechanism does not preclude the logic of elite reproduction.The political elite and technical elite can pass their class advantages on to their offspring.Nevertheless,the scale and depth of elite reproduction are limited.The role played by family factors is rather fundamental than infinite.Elements such as higher education,senior title and senior administrative level do not have the characteristics of reproduction between generations to some extent.