改革开放以来我国地方纪检监察制度的嬗变与启示——以陕西省为例

改革开放以来国家纪检监察体制改革得以持续深化的重要基础是地方实践的探索与创新。其中,陕西省基于厚重建都史和伟大革命史的优秀廉政制度和文化积淀,其纪检监察制度具有其他省份无可比拟的先天性历史继承和改革创新优势。在党中央统一部署下,陕西纪检监察制度历经恢复重建和初步改革、构建警示训诫防线以源头防腐推进改革、创建反腐倡廉“制度群”以制度治腐深化改革、构建“三项机制”以激发动力全面深化改革、建立监察委员会以整合监督力量纵深推进改革五个阶段的艰辛探索,创新出一批具有典型性、先导性、实效性的富有陕西特色的纪检监察制度,积累了丰富的地方实践经验。其中,坚持制度反腐与过程防腐相结合,把教育挽救制度化和常态化;坚持以人民为中心和防止利益冲突相结合,把制度建设精细化和科学化;坚持制度管人和情感化人相结合,把干部激励正向化和精准化,这三项独特经验既为未来陕西纪检监察制度发展与改革提供了有益借鉴,也是从陕西这一“特殊”中总结出的“一般”,为我国持续深化权力监督制度改革提供陕西方案和智慧。

Transmutation of Local Discipline Inspection and Supervision System Since the Initiation of Reform and Opening up and Its Enlightenment: A Case Study of Shaanxi

The continuous deepening of reform with the system of national discipline inspection since the beginning of reform and opening up is based on the exploration and innovation in local practice. Based on its long history as where feudal capitals were set, and on the superior integrity system in the revolutionary history as well as the long cultural accumulation, a discipline inspection system unparalleled as regard its gifted legacy and innovative superiority is found in Shaanxi. A series of mechanisms characterized by their typical, precursory, and effective features belonging to Shaanxi have been created together with profound local practical experience after the five stages of arduous exploration under the unified deployment of the Central Committee of the Party, namely, the restoration and initial reform, the construction of the warning blockage for anti-corruption from the source and promoting reform, the deepening of reform with systematic treatment of corruption by the construction of mechanism series, the promotion of comprehensive deepening of reform by the construction of “Three Mechanisms”, and the establishment of supervision committee for the integration of supervisory powers to further promote reform. Out of this, the three unique lessons of stressing anti-corruption both by systematic means and in the process for the systemization and normalization of education and help, sticking to the combination of centering around the people and preventing interest conflicts for the refinement and scientific improvement of the construction of the system, and sticking to personnel management with mechanisms in combination with empathetic efforts for positive and targeted stimulation of officials have provided beneficial measurements for future developments and reforms in discipline inspection in Shaanxi, and a “normalization” outline out of the “uniqueness” of Shaanxi, supplying Shaanxi schemes and wisdom for continuous deepening of reform with power inspection mechanisms.