论宪法基本权利与刑事诉讼

宪法基本权利具有根本性、普适性、强制性等特征。刑事诉讼法是国家刑罚权具体化、现实化而形之于诉讼程序的法律规范。为了实现正义的理想、安定的目标,为了大众的利益,为了实现刑罚,追究犯罪过程中很可能忽视被追诉人的基本权利。国家与个人的利益只有在刑事诉讼上才有如此尖锐的冲突。国家为确认刑罚权实行追诉与审判的职权活动,决定了刑事诉讼对宪法基本权利的公法限制属性。为防止这种限制的过度与失衡给公民权益造成侵害,刑事诉讼中必须贯彻法律保留原则及比例原则,以加强对人身自由等基本权利的保障运作和个人防御权的行使。

The Basic Rights of Constitution Guide and Control Crime Litigation

The basic rights of constitution have natural, applicable and compulsive character. The criminal procedural law is the form of crime litigation that realizes the right of penalty. It is possible to neglect the basic rights of the pursued person for the justice's ideal, stable target, mass benefits and realization of penalty. The benefits between the nation and citizen individual have the sharp conflict only reflecting on crime litigation. The nation executes the power activity of pursue and judge, which decides the character that the crime litigation interferes the basic rights of constitution. At the same time, the crime litigation must apply the principle of reserve law and comparison to prevent the invasion of interference and strengthen the protection for the basic rights and individual defensive rights.