网络治理：公共管理的新框架

近年来,网络治理是西方国家公共管理研究的一个前沿课题,网络治理的理论主张、治理结构和治理机制是文章的研究中心.在疏理和整合当前网络治理研究的基础上,文章指出,政策网络理论与治理理论的结合,促成了行动者中心制度主义和管理复杂网络两种流派的形成,倡导网络治理作为一种新的治理模式,致力于实现主体间良性互动和互利互补的合作;网络治理的治理结构是不同于市场(自愿)与科层(强制)的复杂结构,网络是一个有着共同价值诉求的自组织系统,它不同于市场中自愿的个体行为,又不同于科层的命令服从体系;网络治理的治理机制在于信任机制和协调机制的培育,信任机制是网络的运作基础,其地位类似于市场的价格机制或科层的权威机制,而信任机制的落实,又需要回到协调机制的构建上,只有在价值协同、信息共享以及诱导与动员等方面建立起良好协调机制的基础上,才能真正地培育起成员间的信任关系以及成员与集体之间的信任关系,最终实现互利互惠的合作.

Network Governance: A New Framework of Public Administration

The network governance has become a new focus in the field of public administration in western countries. In this article, the theory viewpoint, governance structure and governance mechanism of network governance have been explored. Based on the integration of recent studies on network governance, the article points out that the combination of policy network theory and governance theory contributes to the formation of the schools of actor-centred institutionalism and managing complex network; the government and non-government actors should cooperate with each other. Moreover, the structure of network governance is a complex self-organizing system with common value, which is different from the voluntary and individual behaviour in the market(volunteer) and the command-comply behaviour in the hierarchy (coerce). Furthermore, the mechanism of network governance is to culture trust mechanism and coordination mechanism. The trust mechanism is the function foundation of network governance, which is similar to the price mechanism in the market and the authority mechanism in the hierarchy, and its fulfilment depends on the construction of the coordination mechanism. Only based on the coordinated value, the shared information and the proper motivation, can true trust relationship set up and can the cooperation finally come true.