认罪认罚从宽制度中的证据规则：检讨与重构

认罪认罚从宽试点制度中无论是原则性的证据规则还是具体性的证据规则都存在很多问题，严重影响了认罪认罚从宽制度的有效实施。新修改的《刑事诉讼法》对认罪认罚从宽制度予以确认，但是对其涉及的特殊性的证据规则鲜有涉及。认罪认罚从宽制度的证明标准应采取定罪证明标准与量刑标准相互区分的双阶标准，以充分体现认罪认罚从宽案件的特殊性。认罪认罚从宽制度中的具体性证据规则，包括侦查阶段重点重构有关保障认罪自愿性的取证规则；起诉阶段的具体性证据规则突出认罪认罚的量刑合意证据规则；审判阶段的具体性证据规则要体现事实审查和自愿性认罪的双审查具体性证据核查规则以及认罪撤回的证据规则。在认罪认罚从宽制度中的证据规则的立法路径上，必须考虑中国审判为中心的诉讼制度改革的要求，将证据性规则与程序性规则，将实体性证据规则与程序性证据规则有机统合在认罪认罚从宽制度的文本中。

Rules of Evidence in the System of Leniency in Pleading Guilty: Rethinking and Reformulation

There are a lot of issues in the principal and concrete rules in the system of leniency of guilty pleas, which strongly impact the implementation of the system. The new revision of criminal procedure law in 2018 assures the system of leniency of guilty pleas, however, it does not include any special rules of the evidence-related system. In terms of the standards of proof in the system, the two-level examination criteria for both the fact-finding and sentencing for realizing the specialty of the system should be adopted. The specific rules of evidence in the system include the rules of the examination for voluntary guilty plea in the proceedings of investigation, the rules of the agreement in sentencing negotiated between the accused and the prosecution as well as the check rules for the fact-finding and sentencing in trial. In the approach of the legislation in the system in the leniency of guilty pleas, the law-makers should specifically consider the requirement for the reform of the trial-centered criminal procedure in China, and integrate and reformulate the evidence rules, substantial rules and procedure rules in the system of the leniency of guilty pleas.