基因距离、隐性知识与跨国知识流动

知识的有效传播和创造需要同时掌握显性知识和隐性知识。“知识螺旋”(SECI)模型阐述了隐性知识与显性知识之间的相互转化，提示相近的基因距离能有效促进隐性知识的传播，从而促进跨国知识流动。基于45个国家在1987—2006年期间的专利互引情况的研究表明：在控制了地理距离、语言和宗教等因素后，基因距离这一生物学特征仍然显著阻碍着跨国知识流动；基因距离的阻碍作用在地理距离较小、共同语言和共同宗教的国家间更强；跨国知识流动能解释基因距离对收入差异影响的50%。因此，国家之间的深层次差异仍然阻碍着隐性知识的传播。我国需要加强国际间人才流动、支持出国留学、扩大学术交流、利用开放网络改革教育方式等措施，促进隐性知识传播，减少跨国知识流动的障碍。

Genetic Distance,Tacit Knowledge and Cross-border Knowledge Flow

Explicit knowledge and tacit knowledge are both prerequisites for the efficient diffusion and creation of knowledge. The SECI model illustrates the transformation between explicit and tacit knowledge, and suggests that closer genetic distance could effectively promote the diffusion of tacit knowledge, and subsequently promote the cross-border knowledge flow. The study based on the patent citations data of 45 countries during 1987—2006 shows: (1) after controlling the geographic distance, language, and religions, the genetic distance is still a substantial barrier for cross-border knowledge flow; (2) the deteriorating effect of genetic distance is stronger among the countries with shorter geographic distance, sharing common language or common religions; (3) the cross border knowledge flow can explain 50% of the impact of genetic distance on income difference. Therefore, the deep-level differences among countries still hamper the diffusion of tacit knowledge. To promote diffusion of tacit knowledge and reduce the barrier to cross-border knowledge flow, China should promote the cross country talents flow, support studying aboard, expand academic interaction, and use the open Internet to reform education methods.