论行政法上驱逐出境之救济

我国共有6部法律规定了行政法上的驱逐出境，但其救济条款规定各不相同。行政法上的驱逐出境属于一般法意义上的国家行为，不属于救济法意义上的国家行为。通观各国，驱逐出境可以通过行政复议、司法审查、人身保护令和个人申诉机制等诸多途径寻求获得救济。设定驱逐出境的救济，应当从善意履行国际义务原则、权利保护原则和法制统一原则多维度综合考量。建议保留并完善《出境入境管理法》的遣送出境、驱逐出境条款，吸收并删除其他5部法律规定的遣送出境、驱逐出境。将来，违法犯罪的停留、居留外国人在依法被处理后，由主管机关交由移民管理机构一体裁量决定是否遣送出境、驱逐出境。对修订后的驱逐出境决定，除具有“国家安全的紧迫原因”外，不再限制行政复议和行政诉讼。

Study on Relief of Deportation in Administrative Law

In China, there are six administrative laws regulating the deportation, while each of them has different relief clauses. Deportation is a state action in general legal sense but not state action in legal relief laws. Compared with different countries, deportation can get legal relief through different channels, such as administrative review, judicial review, writ of habeas corpus and individual complaint mechanism. The legal relief of deportation should be considered comprehensively from three principals, the principal of fulfilling international obligations in good faith, the principal of rights protection and the principal of unification of the legal system. It is suggested to keep and improve the repatriation and deportation clause in the Exit and Entry Administration Law, absorb the clauses of repatriation and deportation upon decision in the other five laws. In the future, foreigners who stay or reside in China and have illegal behaviors or crimes should be handed over to the immigration administration department to decide whether to repatriate them or deport them after integral adjudication by the authority according to the laws. The rights of applying for administrative reconsideration and filing an administrative lawsuit will not be limited expect for urgent reasons for national security.