强制辩护制度：域外经验与中国模式

当前司法改革中，强制指定辩护制度成为实现律师辩护全覆盖的重要方式，但尚存在诸多理论和实践问题。强制辩护制度与强制指定辩护制度的根本目的均在于保障被追诉人获得律师辩护。域外强制辩护制度在适用范围、启动方式、适用阶段、辩护自主性问题以及法律救济方面具有较为成熟的经验。对我国而言，强制辩护制度对于完善强制指定辩护制度具有启示意义，可以在量刑标准、诉讼程序、诉讼全阶段方面着力扩大适用范围，明确违反强制指定辩护制度可能产生证据资格和程序效力否定性后果，构建法律援助辩护律师选择制度以及健全强制指定辩护质量保障体系。

Compulsory Defense System: Foreign Experience and Implications for China

In the current judicial reform, compulsory designated defense system has been an important way to realize the full coverage of lawyers’ defense, but there are still many theoretical and practical problems. The fundamental purpose of the compulsory designated defense system and the compulsory defense system is to ensure that the accused obtains a lawyer’s defense. The extraterritorial compulsory defense system has relatively mature experience in the scope of application, initiation method, application stage, defense autonomy and legal remedies. For our country, the compulsory defense system has enlightening significance for improving the compulsory designated defense system. Specifically, it includes expanding the scope of application of the mandatory designated defense system focusing on sentencing standards, litigation process and litigation stage, clarifying legal consequences of violating the mandatory designated defense system in evidence qualifications and procedural validity, establishing a legal aid defense lawyer selection system, and improving the quality assurance system for mandatory designated defense.