从“分体”到“分层”：中国特色贿赂犯罪罪名体系的历史嬗变与时代跨越

贿赂犯罪罪名体系与治理结构的构建，是“中国式”腐败治理理念、智慧、资源与立法技术的结晶。中国特色罪名体系的发展，始终围绕扩张犯罪主体类型而展开，形成了“分体式”发展模式，却忽视了对行为类型的重新识别、拓展以及规制对象的有效性等问题。在“分体式”罪名体系中，贿赂犯罪的治理结构以对价关系为基础设定罪名结构；以结果本位为基础设定评价基准；以差异化治理策略为基础设定配刑原则。国家治理现代化的全面推进，对罪名体系建设原理的代际更新提出了全新要求：在体系建构基础上，应当实现由单一“分体式”立法向“分体+分层”立法的转型，引入行为类型的立法导向；在要件设定基础上，实现从以对价关系为中心向以公权伦理为基础转向的完善；在犯罪治理结构上，实现从“差异式”治理走向“全链条式”“同一性”治理的更新。

From “Divided-Subject” to “Divided Extent”: The Historical Evolution andEra Leap of the Criminal Accusation System of Bribery with Chinese Characteristics

The construction of the bribery crime accusation system and governance structure is the crystallization of the “Chinese-style” corruption governance concepts, wisdom, resources and legislative techniques. The development of the accusation system with Chinese characteristics has always been around the expansion of criminal subjects, forming a “split-type” development model, but ignoring issues such as the re-identification and expansion of behavior types and the effectiveness of regulatory objects. In the “split-type” accusation system, the governance structure of bribery crimes is based on the consideration relationship to set the accusation structure, the result-based basis is set for evaluation criteria, and the differentiated governance strategy is used as the basis for the principle of punishment. The overall advancement of the modernization of national governance has put forward new requirements for the intergenerational renewal of the principles of the construction of the crime system: 1. On the basis of the construction of the system, the transformation from a single “split” legislation to a “split + stratification” legislation should be realized and the legislative orientation of behavior types should be proposed. 2. On the basis of setting the requirements, the improvement from taking the consideration relationship as the center to taking the public power ethics as the basis should be realized. 3. In terms of crime governance structure, the renewal from “differential” governance to “full chain” and “identity” governance should be accomplished.