家庭主要照顾者与我国老年人对社区服务需求的研究

通过分析2010年中国城乡老年人口状况追踪调查的数据，本文探讨了家庭主要照顾者对我国城乡老年人社区服务需求的影响。主要照顾者被分为五类，即配偶、儿子、女儿、儿媳和其他人。配偶和儿子在我国城乡老年人照顾者中所占的比例最高；儿媳在农村老年人主要照顾者中占的比例较高。对各种社区服务有需求的农村老人的比例高于城市老人；城乡老年人对上门看病和上门护理服务需求最高。回归结果表明，被配偶和女儿照顾的城市老人对社区服务有需求的可能性较小；被女儿照顾的农村老人对社区服务有需求的可能性较低。这说明被不同照顾者照料的老年人对社区服务的需求有显著差异；被儿子、儿媳和其他人照料的老年人很可能是今后我国老年社区服务的主要对象。

Primary Caregivers and the Chinese Older Adults' Demand on Community Services

Through analyzing data from the 2010 wave of the Chinese Longitudinal Survey on Urban and Rural Elderly, the research aimed to study how primary caregivers influenced the demand on community home-based care services for the urban and rural elderly in China. The research classified primary caregivers into five categories, including spouses, sons, daughters, daughters-in-law, and others. The findings showed that the majority of caregivers for both urban and rural elders were spouses and sons. Daughters-in-law were also a main caregiver group for the rural elderly. Rural seniors reported higher levels of demand on all types of community services than urban ones. Home health care and home nursing services were most desirable services demanded by rural and urban seniors. Regarding the influence of primary caregivers on the elders' need of community services, the regression results indicated that as compared to urban elders who were cared for by sons, daughters-in-law and others, those who were cared for by spouses and daughters were least likely to expect community services. Among rural sample, as compared to those who were cared for by spouses, sons, daughters-in-law and others, elders cared for by daughters tended to request less community services. The results implied that Chinese elderly people who were cared for by different groups of caregivers tended to seek community care in different manners. The research reminded us that the elderly cared for by sons, daughters-in-law and other people could be the main targets of future community care services in China.