中世纪欧洲王权有限性的历史检视

中世纪欧洲一个重要的法律现象和法律理念是，王权是有限的。1222年的《金玺诏书》和1215年的《自由大宪章》是当时制约王权的代表性的法律文件。同期的欧洲法学家以契约论作为限制王权的理论依据，提出了法律在国王之上、制约国王而不是相反,反抗暴政具有合法性。中世纪欧洲王权有限性在一定程度上源自日耳曼的传统。根本原因在于存在世俗和宗教的两重权威，而世俗社会多元化治理方式和民主因素又是对王权的重要牵制。

On the Limitation of Kingship of Medieval Europe

It is an important legal phenomenon and theory that kingship of Medieval Europe was limited. Golden Bull of 1222 and Magna Carta of 1215 are the typical statutes of limitation of Kingship in the Middle Ages. At that time the jurists pointed out that the theory of social contact provided the theoretical basis for limitation, law was above the king, the king was ruled by law, and resistance to the tyranny was legitirrmey. In a sense, the limitation of kingship originates from the Germanic tradition, deeply rooted in the dual authority of religion and seeularity, and the diversified governments and the democratic ideas are the important cheek.