中药生物的地理分布类型与优质、地道药材的优选模式

中药生物的生长、发育与生态环境密切相关，因光照、温度、湿度和空气等不同生态因子的影响而产生不同分布。优质、地道中药材具有独特的地理分布，是对综合生态因子最佳适应的结果。应用植物分类、植物生态及中药地理等多学科知识对我国优质、地道药材的分布规律进行探索，并根据地理分布将中药生物的分布分为同纬异经、同经异纬、异纬异经、特殊需求4种基本类型，确定同药单向优选、同药双向或多向优选、异药双向或多向优选、同药多选及随机点状优选等5种优选模式，同时涵盖了人工调节环境的地道药材分布扩展情况。通过中药生物的地理分布可探索地理因子对药材形成的影响，而药材优选模式的建立，为优质、地道药材的优选及同类药材的分化机制开辟一条新的探索途径，是从系统和整体角度探索中药的新思维和新方法。

Geographical Distribution Types of Organisms for Traditional Chinese Medicines and Preference Patterns for High Quality, Genuine Medicinal Materials

The growth and development of organisms for traditional Chinese medicines (TCMs) are closely related to the ecological environment, so these organisms have different distributions which are influenced by the ecological factors such as light illumination, temperature, humidity, and air. High-quality, genuine Chinese medicinal materials show distinctive geographical distributions as a consequence of adaptation to various geological factors. This study aims to investigate the distribution profiles of high quality, genuine medicinal materials in China based on the knowledge of different disciplines including plant classification, phytoecology, and TCM geography. According to their geographical distributions, the medicinal materials are classified into those at the same latitude and different longitudes, at the same longitude and different latitudes, and at different latitudes and different longitudes, as well as those with special demands for the ecological environment. These medicinal materials are selected based on preference for one medicine in one direction, preference for one medicine in two or multiple directions, preference for different medicines in two or multiple directions, preference for one medicine at multiple sites, and preference for medicines in random dot distribution. In addition, the study includes the distribution profiles of genuine medicinal materials cultivated in the adjusted environment. The effects of geographical factors on the formation of medicinal materials can be explored according to the geographical distributions of organisms for TCMs. The establishment of preference patterns, with a whole view of TCMs, paves the way for selecting high quality, genuine medicinal materials and differentiating similar medicinal materials.