中药大蓟及其2种伪品的微性状鉴别

目的 鉴别市场上大蓟及其2种伪品。方法 通过微性状鉴定法对大蓟及其伪品进行观察研究。结果 蓟的茎、叶均被蛛丝毛及多细胞长节毛，苞片两面及边缘均被毛，花丝亦被毛，花药顶端呈长三角形，冠毛顶端呈纺锤形扩大或渐细；刺儿菜茎、叶仅被蛛丝毛，苞片内面无毛，花药顶端呈削尖状，冠毛顶端渐细；花叶滇苦菜茎、叶以及苞片均无毛，花丝光滑，花药顶端呈黑色，花冠被长毛，果实边缘具齿。结论 微性状鉴定法可准确、快速地鉴别大蓟及其伪品。

Microscopic Characteristic Identification of the Traditional Chinese Medicine Cirsium japonicum and Its Two Adulterants

Objective To identify the traditional Chinese medicine Cirsium japonicum from its two adulterants on the market. Methods Microscopic characteristic identification was used to observe Cirsium japonicum and its adulterants. Results The stems and leaves of Cirsium japonicum had cobwebby hair and long multicellular hairs, with hairs on both sides and margin of bracts and hairs on the filaments, the apex of the anther had the shape of long triangle, and the top of pappus expanded to a spindle shape or gradually became thinner. The stems and leaves of Cirsium setosum (Willd.) MB. had cobwebby hair, with no hairs in the inner side of bract, the apex of the anther was sharp, and the top of pappus gradually became thinner. Sonchus asper (L.) Hill had no hair on the stems, leaves, and bracts, the filaments were smooth, the apex of the anther was black, the corolla was covered with long hair, and the edge of fruit was jagged. Conclusion Microscopic characteristic identification can accurately and quickly identify Cirsium japonicum from its adulterants.