新冠肺炎疫情防控与全球卫生治理--以世界卫生组织改革为主线

新冠肺炎疫情是当前国际社会遇到的极为严重的公共卫生安全危机,不但给全球政治经济发展带来前所未有的挑战,也对全球卫生治理机制构成史无前例的压力测试。作为全球卫生治理最重要的多边机制,世界卫生组织积极致力于新冠肺炎疫情防控,成为全球卫生安全命运共同体理念的"推动者"、全球抗疫合作的"协调者"、全球抗疫薄弱环节的"补位者"以及全球抗疫规范和技术的"提供者"。实际上,世界卫生组织一直通过机构改革来适应不断变化的全球卫生安全形势,优化和提升其全球卫生治理功能。特别是在谭德塞担任总干事后,世界卫生组织发起了该组织"历史上最广泛的改革",将项目规划、应急能力建设、对外关系和治理以及组织规范与标准作为其改革的四大支柱,使其全球卫生治理功能得到显著提升。然而,新冠肺炎疫情防控同样也暴露了世界卫生组织全球卫生治理功能的不足和局限。国际社会唯有诉诸通力合作、彰显责任担当,共同为以世界卫生组织为主体的全球卫生治理机制运作创造更有利的国际政治环境,新冠肺炎疫情方能尽快平息,全球卫生治理才能真正进入健康的运行轨道。

COVID-2019,WHO Reform and Global Health Governance

The COVID-2019 pandemic has developed into an extremely serious public health crisis for the international community.It poses not only unprecedented challenges to global political and economic development,but also a test unparalleled in history to global health governance regime.World Health Organization(WHO),the most important multilateral organization in global health governance,has engaged itself proactively in fighting coronavirus,promoting the idea of building a community of shared destiny in global health security,coordinating global efforts to combat the pandemic,strengthening the weakest link in global health security,and providing norms and expertise for global fight against the pandemic.Actually,WHO has launched institutional reforms to adjust itself to the ever-changing global health security situations and to optimize and increase its capacity in global health governance.Particularly,since Tedros took the helm,WHO has announced the most wide-ranging reform focusing on the four pillars of the Programmes Plannning,the Emergencies,the External Relations and Governance,and norms and standard setting in Business Operations,which has significantly enhanced WHO’s role in global health governance.However,the deficiencies and limitations of WHO’s functions in global health governance are laid bare in the prevention and control of the coronavirus epidemic.Only with full international collaboration,staunch commitment,and joint efforts to create an international political environment favorable for the operation of global health governance mechanisms dominated by WHO,can the COVID-2019 pandemic be controlled as soon as possible and healthy global health governance be realized.