社会契约理论的历史回溯、思想评价及宪政意蕴

在世界政治法律思想史中,社会契约理论源远流长。自伊壁鸠鲁开始,从格劳修斯到霍布斯,从洛克到卢梭,再到康德,他们以自然状态、自然权利、自然法为逻辑起点,演绎出天赋人权、人民主权、分权制衡、宪法至上等理论。这些理论提倡主权在民,在公法领域还探寻了宪政问题,进而为西方资本主义国家创立宪政制度奠定了思想理论基础。对这些理论的深度发掘及有鉴别地吸收运用必将有助于促进我国的宪政建设。

The History Retrospect,Thought Evaluation and Constitutional Implication of Social Contract Thought

Social contract theory has a long history in the history of the study of world political and law thought.Since the beginning of Epicurus,from Grotius to Hobbes,from Rock to Rousseau,then to Kang De,these thinkers took them as a logical starting point,that is,the natural state,natural rights and natural law,which deduced from the theory of human rights,sovereignty of people,separation of powers and constitution.These theories not only advocate individual rights but also explore the constitutionalism in public law field,and then base on these for establishing west constitution system,and absorption use selectively for these theories surely will help to promote the construction of constitutionalism in China.