物权法中的应收账款质押制度解析

应收账款质押性质上属于一种金钱债权质押,具有自身的明显特点,其与应收账款的转让、保理在制度构造、法律效果上也均有差异,不应混同。《物权法》中明确规定应收账款质押制度,有利于解决中小企业融资难的问题。应收账款质押中的商业风险之规避和消解,主要应倚赖于信贷机构的风险管理能力以及对客户的信用评估和资金流动的监控能力,法律不必也不应过多干预;而其法律风险则主要应通过公示制度加以规制和解决。在应收账款质权的设立上,交付债权证书和通知第三债务人的传统方式不足以达到公示的要求,应改采登记的公示方式;《物权法》中选择信贷征信机构作为应收账款质押的登记机关的方案,具有现实可行性,并有利于通过银行信贷登记咨询系统逐步推进与国际接轨的电子登记制。

Interpretation of the Pledge on Accounts Receivable in Property Law

The pledge of accounts receivable belongs to a kind of pledge of general money obligatory right.Compared to the assignment of accounts receivable and the factoring,it has its own character.They are different in the systematic construction and legal effects and can not be confused.Law of Property prescribes clearly that pledge of accounts receivable system is beneficial to solving the financing difficulties of middle and small enterprises.The law should not interfere too much on how to inhibit and eliminate the business risk.However,the legal risk can be inhibited and eliminated by the means of publication.The two traditional means of delivering the certificate of obligatory pledge of account receivables right and informing the third debtors can not come to the request of property publication on how to enact the pledge.It should adopt the means of registration.Credit information agency has been chosen to registration institution in property law and this formula is feasible.It helps achieve the electronic registration which actualizes the connection with international trend through Credit Register System.