从制裁到预防:审查起诉阶段非法证据排除规则适用机制研究

两个"证据规定"实施以来,关于审查起诉阶段非法证据排除规则的适用标准应当同审判阶段完全一样的看法,是对立法与司法的误读。受此影响,在规则要求与追诉职能配置之间、在严格的程序法定主义与控制犯罪的诉讼目标之间形成了一种内在的紧张冲突关系。在审查起诉阶段,平衡这种冲突关系的功能性机制是预防性适用非法证据排除规则,这源于审查起诉与审判阶段的功能差异。但预防性适用有其前提条件,即所适用的非法证据须具有真实性。如真实性没有问题,应根据其违法程度、补救必要和补救条件分别加以处置,其补救方法包括补正、解释和重作。

From Sanction to Prevention: Research on Application Mechanism for Exclusion of Illegal Evidence in Reviewing and Prosecution Phase

Since the implementation of "Two Regulations regarding Evidences",the view that identifies application standards for exclusion of illegal evidence in reviewing and prosecution phase with those in trial phase is misreading of legislative and judicial system.Due to its impact,an internal tension and conflict has been formed between the regulatory requirements and allocation of prosecution functions,between strict statutory doctrines and criminal litigation objectives.In the reviewing and prosecution phase,the functional mechanism for balancing this conflicting relationship is the preventive application rules for excluding illegal evidence,which originates from the functional differences in reviewing/prosecution phase and trial phase.However,the preventative application requires its preconditions,namely the authenticity of illegal evidence.If such authenticity is verified,arrangements shall be made in accordance with the seriousness of offense,necessity of remedy,and remedy conditions.Remedy methods include compensation,interpretation,and rearrangement.