双轨动员:项目制社区自治的实践逻辑及其影响——对上海市P街道社会服务项目化运作模式的考察

项目制社区自治旨在以组织、关系和激励结构的变革,形成基层社区自下而上和自上而下的双轨动员治理,化解科层体制与基层自治的张力,实现共生式发展。围绕项目制展开的社区自治通过自治金的嵌入、自治团队的协作和自治机制的设计等治理要求,诱发了基层社区治理体系的重构并产生了强大的溢出效应。项目制自下而上的“反向发包”特征,不仅释放了基层社区的活力,还促成基层社会治理重心下移,成为基层治理精准化、精细化服务的破题之钥,对基层治理具有持续性及不断增长的影响力。项目制的社区自治,将成为贯通基层社区与党、政府和社会的一种新双轨动员治理模式。

Two-Track Mobilization:Practical Logic and Influence of Project-Based Community Autonomy--Investigation on the Project-Based Operation Mode of Social Service in Shanghai’s P Street

Project-based community autonomy aims to form a dual-track mobilization and governance of grassroots communities from bottom to top and from top to bottom through changes in organization,relationship and incentive structure,so as to resolve the tension between the hierarchical system and grassroots autonomy,and realize symbiotic development.The community autonomy around the project system has induced the reform of the grassroots autonomous system and produced a strong spillover effect through the embedding of autonomous funds,the cooperation of autonomous teams and the construction of autonomous mechanisms and other governance requirements.The“reverse contracting”feature of the project system from bottom to top not only releases the vitality of the grassroots community,but also causes the gravity center of grassroots social governance to move down,becoming the key to the breakthrough of accurate and refined service of grassroots governance,and having sustained and growing influence on grassroots governance.Project-based community autonomy will become a new two-track mobilization and governance model linking grassroots communities with the Party,government and society.