论构建我国刑事非法证据排除规则

非法证据指在刑事诉讼过程中,法律规定的享有调查取证权的主体违反法律规定的权限或者程序,以违法的方法取得的证据材料。在我国刑事诉讼过程中非法取得的证据,主要包括刑讯逼供和以威胁、引诱、欺骗的方法取得的犯罪嫌疑人、被告人口供、证人证言、被害人陈述、鉴定结论;非法收集的物证、书证,非法取得的勘验笔录、检查笔录、视听资料。美国、英国、德国、日本等国对非法方式获取的言词证据和物证的排除规则均有不同规定,这与各国的文化传统、社会犯罪状况、刑事政策以及刑事诉讼目的密切相关。我国刑事法律中严格意义上的非法证据排除规则尚未建立,必须建立我国的非法证据排除规则:绝对排除非法言词证据、原则排除非法取得的实物证据,但特殊情况下也可以采用。

On Establishing Chinese Criminal Unlawful Evidence Exclusionary Rules

Unlawful evidence means such evidence in the progress of criminal lawsuit that the legal subject who possessed rights of investigation and collecting evidence violates legal jurisdiction or procedure to gather evidence and material by unlawful measure.Unlawful evidence in Chinese criminal lawsuit progress includes the following: confession and witness testimony of criminal suspect or defendant's inquisition obtained by torture or with the measure of menace or temptation or cheating,victim statement,identified conclusion, material and written evidence collected unlawfully,records and audio-visual material inspected or examined unlawfully.Unlawful evidence exclusionary rules should be set up since there is no proper unlawful evidence exclusionary rules in Chinese criminal laws.