试论中东伊斯兰国家“乌里玛”的政治参与及其现实作用

人们看待中东，往往看到的是伊斯兰行动主义的军事组织所从事的政治或破坏性的负面社会行为。但事实上，宗教在政治中的影响远远超过了这些组织的影响，特别是国内外一些学者忽视了“乌里玛”（Ulama）阶层。然而，从乌里玛参与现实政治作用的历史依据、“乌里玛”现实政治参与的社会基础、乌里玛政治参与的体现及其作用三个层面的体现，可以看到乌里玛在中东伊斯兰国家所扮演的重要角色。

On Ulama's Political Participation And Practical Function in Islam States in the Middle East

People always relate Hamas of Islamic activism and Islamic Jihad to their political or destructive behavior when they talk about Middle East.Actually,religion exerts much more influence than these Islamic Jihad on politics.Some international and domestic experts and specialists in the fields always neglect the effect of Ulama.This paper intends to discuss the important role of Ulama in Islam states from three stages: firstly,the historical basis of political participation of Ulama;secondly,the social founda...