论美国联邦最高法院对美国警察搜查权的调控——以非法证据排除规则的演变为视角

二十世纪六十年代以来,非法证据排除规则被美国联邦最高法院广泛使用,成为保护人民自由权利、限制警察非法搜查的尚方宝剑。但随着恐怖主义、毒品犯罪等的增多,加强警察执法权力,适当限制人民自由,成为联邦最高法院主导性理念。非法证据排除规则也随之产生了松动。非法证据排除规则对美国警察搜查权的影响历程,反映了联邦最高法院在保持个人利益与社会利益、自由与秩序之间的平衡做出的不懈努力。

On the American Federation of the United States Supreme Court Controlling the Searching Right of the Police——from the perspective of the evolution of rules concerning illegal evidence exclusion

Since the 1960s,illegal evidence exclusion rules are extensively used by the United States Federal Supreme Court,and have become the most powerful tool to protect freedom of people and to limit illegal police search and charges.But with the increase of terrorism and drug-related crimes,to strengthen enforcement powers of the police and appropriately restrict freedom of people has become dominant philosophy of The Federal Supreme Court.Rules concerning illegal evidence exclusion also got loose.The impact of the illegal evidence exclusion rules on the United States police searching right is reflected in the effort of the federal Supreme Court to maintain the balance between personal and community interests,order and freedom.