农村集体土地成员权制度解构与变革

切实赋予农民长期而有保障的地权，是当前农村土地权利体系变革的出发点。本文认为，农民地权不仅包括土地承包经营权等使用权，还体现为农村集体土地成员权。农村集体土地成员权是一种特殊的社员权，为农村集体经济组织成员依照法律、民事习惯和组织章程的规定，对该农村集体经济组织享有的权利和承担的义务。农村集体土地成员权的主体是集体成员，自然人因成员资格之得丧，取得或丧失集体成员权；其相对人是农村集体经济组织。现行成员资格过于注重自然增减、婚姻和迁徙等法律事实，过于依赖用于证明这些事实的户籍，应当降低户籍的决定性影响，注重当事人的意思表示，将成员权量化为股东权。相应地对农村集体经济组织进行配套改革，从而完善农村土地权利体系。

The Structure and Transforms of Collective Land Member Proprietary Right System in Rural Areas

The point of departure in the present rural land rights system reform in China is to endow the farmers with long-term and guaranteed land rights.The author thinks that farmer's land rights are not only manifested in land use right,but also in rural collective land economical organization members' rights.Rural collective land economical organization members' rights refer to a special members' right which are established according to the laws,civil customary laws and organization regulations.The subjects of the right are members in collective economical organization.Natural persons can get or lose the collective economical organization members' rights naturally by getting or losing the membership.The counterpart is rural collective economical organization.The article puts forwards that the present membership puts too much emphasis on the juristic facts like life or death,marriage and migration which are proved by relying too much on the household register system.But we should lower the importance of household register system and attach more importance to the manifestation of party's meaning.We should deepen the reform based on the identification of membership to quantify members' rights as stockholders' rights,reform the rural collective economical organization comprehensively to perfect the rural land rights system in our country.