公民水权的宪政之维

公民水权的内涵和目的决定了其性质,即公民水权是一种人权。可持续发展和环境正义理论及《关于经济、社会和文化权利的国际公约》等人权条约为公民水权的人权性质的确立奠定了坚实的理论基石和法律基础。公民水权的尊重、保护和实现需要从宪法的角度来加以规范,并使其具有可裁判性。印度模式和南非模式为其他发展中国提供了通往可裁判性水权之路。比较而言,南非模式的优越性和其广泛的适应性给我国提供了制度移植的可能。宪法对公民水权和其他经济社会权利的承认、尊重和保护必须以其具有可裁判性为中心。因此,从长远来看,建立宪法诉讼制度或违宪审查制度,南非模式的可裁判性水权在我国才能通过法院获得有效执行。

The Constitutional Dimension of Civil Right toWater

Civil right to water is defined to be that there is an adequate,clean supply of water for human needs.The purpose and notion of it determine its nature,that is,civil right to water is human right.The sound theoretical and legal basis for human right to water are supported by the environmental justice and sustainable development theory and the International Covenant on Economic,Social and Cultural Rights and other human rights treaty.Civil right to water should be regulated based on the Constitution,which ma...