圣彼得堡市基于基因信息的司法鉴定掠影

俄罗斯内务部正在实施一项教育改革"路线图"计划,其任务之一就是要提高教育科学部的效率。近年来,圣彼得堡市在医学方面呈现出了相当多的科研成果,特别是脱氧核糖核酸(DNA)分子的系列特性的同一性认定。利用DNA鉴定技术,可以直接认定犯罪现场的血迹、精斑、毛发、唾液斑等生物检材是否为犯罪嫌疑人所留,从而为案件的侦破、诉讼提供有力的证据。DNA鉴定技术越来越广泛地运用于刑事侦查中,其在刑事侦查中的独特功效不容低估,但同时应当引起注意的问题是,DNA鉴定技术的作用也是有一定局限性的。

The Introduction of DNA Identification of St.Petersburg

Russian interior ministry is carrying out a programme named ＇route＇ and its main mission is to raise working efficiency of the education and science department. In recent years, St. Petersburg has obtained a lot of achievements in scientific research of DNA identification. In the forensic sciences, the genetic analytic technique is now widely used in paternity test and personal identification.DNA identification solves the technology tickler that discriminated by the biological material and the tickler badger judicial identification so many years, Nevertheless, the DNA identification has its limitations. DNA structure of different individuals has probability of coincidence, the high sensitivity increases the probability of pollution, and the level of DNA identification is different all over the world. So it is dangerous to believe the conclusion of DNA identification excessively. Although forensic DNA identification solved the ＂estabishing identity＂ technical problem that has puzzled jurdicial identification for many years. Forensic DNA conclusion can be the effetive evidence for criminal action, but it is only a kind of evidence, not irrefutable evidence. We should examine forensic DNA identifications accidental repetition, polluted possibility, difference of identification level, standard of appraisal certificate and relation with other evidence.