解决事实错误的三种学说评析

刑法中的事实错误是指对于构成要件的客观要素的主观意欲与客观现实的不一致。与对象错误相对应的是行为偏差。对于同一构成要件范围内的错误即具体的事实错误而言,处理对象错误,法定符合说具有合理性;处理行为偏差,具体符合说具有合理性;对于非意欲的结果,不能认为构成故意犯罪的既遂。国外解决不同构成要件间的错误即抽象的事实错误的抽象符合说不具有合理性。处理抽象的事实错误,构成要件没有重合部分的,原则上构成故意犯罪的未遂和过失犯罪的想象竞合,构成要件有重合的部分时,在重合的部分构成故意犯罪的既遂。

Analysis on Three Kinds of Doctrine About Dealing with the Fact Mistake

Fact mistake of criminal law means that the objective elements of composition of crime is inconsistent with the subjective intend.The object mistake is corresponding to the diverted criminal act.It is rational to deal with fact mistake by the legal according doctrine and to deal with diverted criminal act by idiographic according doctrine in the same elements of composition.The result out of the intend can not be considered as the accomplished crime of intentional crime.It is irrational for the abstract according doctrine to deal with the mistake between different composition elements.If the elements of composition do not have superposition,they constitute the imaginative overlapping of offenses between attempted crime of intentional crime and negligence crime.If it has superposition,the part of the superposition should be regarded as the accomplished crime of intentional crime.