客观归责理论的成就史及批判——兼论对犯罪论体系进行修正的必要性

客观归责理论的创新性仅体现在:它利用归责这一古老的概念,将众多原本分散存在的、用于限制构成要件成立范围的学说汇集成了一个整体。尽管该理论提出了个别有益的洞见,但从总体上来说,它试图对结果犯不法进行规范性限制的努力并不成功。第一,客观归责理论掩盖了一个本应先于结果归责而展开独立判断的核心问题,即符合构成要件的不法举动。第二,仅仅从客观方面出发,无法合理地解决行为是否创设了法所不容许之风险的问题。第三,把结果归责的问题放在客观构成要件中来处理的做法显得操之过急,在此之前应当先行判断行为人的责任能力。对于客观归责理论的批判性考察表明,本质上源于自然主义时代的传统犯罪论体系亟待修正。

The Historical Achievements and Criticism of the Objective Imputation Theory--With the Discussion of the Necessity of Improving the Crime Theory System

The innovation of the objective imputation theory is only reflected in its use of the ancient concept of imputation,which brings together the doctrines that were otherwise scattered and used to limit the establishment of the constituent elements. Although the theory offers some useful insights,its efforts to normatively limit the wrongdoing of result crime have not been successful in general. Firstly,the objective imputation theory masks a core problem that should have been judged before the imputation of result,that is,an illegal act consistent with the constituent elements;secondly,from the objective point of view alone,it is impossible to reasonably solve the question of whether the act creates a risk not permitted by law;Thirdly,the practice of placing the imputation of results in objective constituent elements seems too rash,before which the perpetrator’s capacity for responsibility should be judged first. The critical examination of the objective imputation theory shows that the traditional crime theory system essentially deriving from the naturalistic era needs to be revised urgently.