德与福的争论--晚期古希腊哲学的伦理学特征

从对斯多亚派(Stoicism)与伊壁鸠鲁(Epicureanism)的哲学分析中,可以看出晚期古希腊哲学的伦理学特征。斯多亚派存在两套伦理标准,即理想的和现实的标准,以往的研究忽视了这一点,没有看到斯多亚派理论的积极意义。伊壁鸠鲁的贡献在于把身体快乐纳入哲学视野,强调个人自由的重要性。两种理论之间存在德性与幸福的冲突。

Debate on Virtue and Happiness--On the Ethical Features of Late Greek Philosophy

One can find some ethical features in the later Greek philosophy on the basis of philosophical analysis by Stoicism and Epicureanism. There are two sets of ethical standards for Stoicism, i.e. those of ideal and reality. However, research in the past overlooked this point, and did not find the active significance in the theory of Stoicism. The contribution by Epicureanism consists in inclusion of corporeal pleasure into a philosophical vision to emphasize the importance of personal liberty. There is a conflict of virtue and happiness between these two theories.