迁徙自由的限制：学说、规范与实践

对迁徙自由的保障，是人类社会进步的必然要求，我国明文入宪也是必然趋势，又因为社会秩序、社会利益以及公民其他权利的保障也是法治的内涵，故对迁徙自由加以合理限制本即迁徙自由的应然之意。基于对迁徙的“自由层面”与“限制层面”这两者之间紧张关系的考量，将按照阿列克西的基本权限制理论对迁徙自由从“保障——限制——违宪阻却事由”三个层次加以分析，并将在对德国和美国的迁徙自由限制的宪政实例进行分析的基础上，探讨我国现行户籍制度是否属于对迁徙自由限制，最终对户籍制度这一迁徙自限制政策如何改良等问题提出见解。

The Limitation of Migration Freedom：Theory,Regulation and Practice

The protection of migration freedom is the inevitable requirement of human progress, and migration freedom written into the constitution is an inexorable trend in China. Rule of law includes social order, social benefit and other civil rights, therefore, migration freedom should be limited reasonably in accordance with orig- inal meaning itself. Considering the tension between Free Level and Restraining Level, migration freedom will be analyzed from three following levels ＂Protection-Limitation-Causes of unconstitutional exemption＂ according to Robert Alexy＇ s Theory of Constitutional Rights Limitation. This article will discuss whether our current household registration system is the limitation of migration freedom or not based on the analysis of constitutional examples of Germany and American migration freedom restriction. Finally, the author will present his own opin- ion about how to stipulate migration freedom into constitution.