论美国诱陷抗辩的判断标准及其启示

在美国,诱陷抗辩的判断标准有三,即主观标准、客观标准和综合标准。美国联邦司法系统和绝大多数州司法系统采用主观标准,部分州司法系统采用客观标准,也有很少州司法系统采用综合标准。目前,我国侦查机关已普遍采用诱陷行为侦查案件,但立法及实践中尚未确立诱陷抗辩的判断标准,导致公民对侦查机关过度的引诱行为难以在审判中提出抗辩,诉讼中合法权利得不到有效保障,因此,应当结合我国侦查及审判的实际情况,构建我国诱陷抗辩的判断标准。

On the Criteria for Judging of the Entrapment Defense of America and Their Enlightenment

In the U. S. , there are three kinds of criteria on the entrapment defense, namely, the subjective standard, the objective one and the comprehensive one. The subjective one is used in the federal judicial system of the U. S. and in the vast majority of the judicial system of states while the objective criteria is used in the ju- dicial system of some states and the comprehensive criteria is used in the judicial system of very few states. At present, entrapment has been widely used in China by the investigative agencies to investigate cases, but the criteria for the entrapment defense has not been established in legislation and practice, bringing citizens not to put forward the defense in the trim proceedings for the excessive allure conduct of the investigation authority, and the legal rights in action can ＇ t be protected effectively. Therefore, the criteria for the entrapment defense of our country should be built up combined with China＇ s actual situation of the investigation and trial.