法医学鉴定实践中的伦理考量

法医学鉴定的对象是人及与人相关材料,因此在法医学检案实践中需要考虑伦理问题。基于法医学鉴定中的公平正义、尊重、真相告知三大基本原则,进一步衍生出法医学检案实践活动的具体伦理要求,即法医学鉴定的称职性、对鉴定涉及案件及其当事人伦理考虑、如何处理案件检材。然而当前法医学鉴定却存在部分法医鉴定人不称职、重技术轻程序、鉴定机构选择出现争议、利益输送与利益冲突等问题。笔者针对以上问题提出相应对策,并重点讨论三大矛盾,保证法医学鉴定称职性。

Ethical considerations in the practice of forensic examiantion

The object of forensic medicine is human and related materials,so we need to consider the ethical issues in the practice of forensic medicine.The ethics requirements of forensic medicine practice derived from the three basic principles of equity and justice,respect,and truthfully informing,include forensic competence;ethical consideration of parties and how to deal with the case materials.However,there exist some problems in the practice of forensic science,such as the incompetence of experts,more emphasis on technology than procedure,and problems of dispute,interest transfer and interest conflict in the selection of forensic service providers.In this study,the authors put forward the corresponding countermeasures for the above problems,focusing on three major contradictions,to ensure the competence of forensic examination.