植物育种成果的专利权保护

美国对植物品种通过授予植物专利、实用专利以及植物品种保护证书,对育种者提供多重保护。欧盟对植物品种制定专门立法进行单一保护,对植物品种之外的其他植物通过判例明确给予专利权保护。澳大利亚对植物品种亦实行专门立法保护,但比欧盟自由,并不排除植物品种的专利申请。本文通过比较研究植物育种技术成果的专利权保护,提出中国在现有法律框架下,应当对植物品种以外的植物给予专利权保护,为植物育种科技创新提供知识产权的大保护。

On Patent Protection of Plant Breeding

The US provides multiple protection for breeders by way of granting plant patent,utility patent and plant variety protection certificate.The EU protects plant variety through special legislation,and grants patent protection for plant materials other than plant variety through case law.Australia protects plant variety and plant materials through special legislation.Moreover,it allows plant breeders the right to apply patent for plant variety.Based on the comparative studies,the paper suggests that under current legal framework,China should give patent protection also to plant materials other than plant variety,to provide greater IP protection for the technological innovation of plant breeding.