论司法精神病鉴定听证制度构建

饱受争议的司法精神病鉴定相比其他类鉴定项目较为特殊,鉴定意见决定了当事人的责任能力、受审能力、证人的作证能力、妇女的性自卫能力、罪犯的服刑能力等,直接涉及当事人的切身利益,对案件的影响较大。然而鉴定本身缺乏实验数据支持的学科特点,以及依靠文证材料的鉴定方法,很容易导致当事人对鉴定的怀疑和争议。为解决以上问题,尝试将具有形式公开、当事人参与等特点的听证制度引入该领域,从静态和动态两个方面构建全新的听证制度和程序,以保证在鉴定意见出具之前双方当事人能够充分陈述、举证、质证、阐述争点、行使辩论,对个人主张负举证、说服责任,在参与、监督鉴定的过程中消除疑惑、争议,更能理解鉴定意见的得出。

Construction of the Hearing System in Forensic Psychiatry Appraisal

Compared to other types of appraisal,forensic psychiatry appraisal is fairly special and full of controversy.The appraisal results determine the party’s responsibility,the competency to stand trial,the witness’s testified ability,the victim’s sexual self-defense ability,the offender’s competency to serve a sentence and so on.They directly relate to the vital interests of the parties and have great influence to a case.But its academic characters that lack experimental data to support its conclusion and its appraisal methods that rely on documentary evidence make it easy for the parties to suspect and dispute about the conclusion.To solve the problem,this article suggests that the hearing system which is characterized by its openness and parties’ involvement should be introduced.Before appraisal conclusions are made,the relevant parties should have the opportunities to provide,cross examine,explain and argue about the evidence.They also bear the burden of persuading the other party.By participating in and supervising the appraisal process,they are more likely to eliminate confusion and controversy,and understand the conclusion.