贸易与人权关系初探——兼论WTO与人权

2001年11月在卡塔尔首都多哈举行的WTO第四次部长级会议通过了《关于TRIPS协议和公共健康宣言》引起了在WTO范围内知识产权的保护和人权保护之间关系的讨论,进而扩展到WTO法与国际人权法之间的关系。贸易和人权二者之间虽然存在着一定的冲突,但是二者在发展历史和实践中的联系却是不可忽视的。在现有的WTO框架下,发达国家和发展中国家基于各自的利益,都在人权问题上向对方发难。人权迟早会被纳入WTO的考虑范围之内,关键是以何种方式将其纳入WTO的范围。《多哈TRIPS宣言》是一种比较实际的方式,即就具体问题所涉及的人权达成具有国际法拘束力的协议,采用逐个、渐进的方式将人权纳入到WTO范围之内。

Trade and Human Rights--Reflections on Human Rights in the WTO

The Declaration on the TRIPS agreement and public health (“Doha Declaration”) was adopted on the 4th Ministerial Conference of the WTO held in Doha in November 2001.It gave rise to the discussion on the relationship between the protections of intellectual property and human rights. Furthermore the discussion was expanded on the relationship between WTO law and international human rights law. Since human rights are frequently used as excuses for trade protection, it is necessary to incorporate human rights in WTO when the trade policies are considered. How to incorporate it? A declaration of Doha declaration's kind is a good way to deal with the specific problems involved in human rights in WTO.