规则是如何形成的——从哈耶克的“自发演化”论开始

哈耶克的“自发演化”论是分析规则形成的重要范式之一。然而,在现实场景中,自发形成之规则的粘滞性、非帕累托效率性,以及浓厚的“地方性知识”色彩导致其无法证成自身的充分合理性;更重要的是,由于难以成就一个以交织紧密之群体为支撑的记忆机制,个体日益疏离化的现代工商社会无从提供规则自生的理想土壤。反观历史,规则往往不是单一自发演化的产物,它的形成是包括权力在内的诸要素纠缠交结的混生过程。在当下中国社会情境急剧变动、分工深入推进的约束性条件下,权力可以发挥“产出”规则的比较优势。

How Rules Are Formed: From Hayek's Theory of Spontaneous Evolution

Hayek's "spontaneous evolution" is one of the most important paradigms to analyze the processes in which rules are framed.However,the stickiness,non-Pareto efficiency,and the nature of "local knowledge" of the rules spontaneously formulated often fail to justify themselves in the realistic context.What is worse,for lack of memory mechanism based on closely-weaved groups,modern society in which individuals are becoming more and more alienated is not a suitable environment for rules to be framed spontaneously.Historically,rules are the products of power mingling with other factors.While in present China where social situations are changing drastically and labor is being divided meticulously,power has its comparative advantage in formulating desirable rules.