WTO体制内国内法的可诉性问题

在一般国际法理论与实践中,国内法本身可以单独构成国际争端解决程序的诉因。WTO体制内国内法可诉的法律依据是GATT1994第23条、DSU第3.8条以及《WTO协定》第16.4条。在WTO争端解决实践中,专家组和上诉机构的裁决呈现出一个重要的趋势:在美国“301条款”案前,遵循GATT1947时期专家组所确立的“裁量性立法与强制性立法之区分”的习惯性做法;在美国“301条款”案后,不再严格遵循这一习惯性做法。WTO体制内国内法之可诉性问题目前尚没有一个统一、明确的答案。

The Actionability of Domestic Law in WTO

Both in theory and in practice of international law,domestic law itself may be separately challenged in international dispute settlement processes.The legal basis about actionability of domestic law in WTO is Article 23 of GATT1994,Article 3.8 of DSU and Article 16.4 of the WTO Agreement.In terms of dispute settlement practices of the WTO,while making their ruling,the Panels and the Appellate Body tended to follow the practice established by the panels under GATT 1947 that "distinguish discretionary law and mandatory law" before the case of "the US Section 301." After that case,they began to deviate a little from the practice.Now there is still no consistent and certain answer to the problem of actionability in domestic law.