历代中央政府对藏区赔命价习惯法的态度考释

元朝以降,藏区纳入中央政府的正式管辖之下,其地方法制不可避免地会受到中央政府的影响,作为藏族长期以来法律表达与实践的赔命价习惯法也不例外。历代中央政府基于自己的法律理念或实现民族地区统治秩序的需要,对藏区赔命价习惯法或禁绝,或放任,或在承认民族特殊性与维护国家司法主权之间适当地认可和规制。比较元明两朝与清朝和民国对藏区赔命价习惯法的不同态度和及其治理藏区的不同效果,不难发现有机成长的赔命价习惯法有着坚实的社会基础和强大的生命力,中央政府应该在认清其历史理性的基础上实现其创造性转化。

A Textual Research on the Attitudes of the Central Government towards Tibetan Life Compensation Customary after Yuan Dynasty

After Yuan Dynasty, Tibetan areas has been under the jurisdiction of the central government, so its local legal system was inevitably influenced by the central government as well as the unique life compensa- tion, which was a long-term legal expression and practice in Tibetan Area. Based on the legal concept or the need to implement the ruling order in minority areas, the central government successively adopted the attitudes of prohibition, laissez-faire, or the proper recognition and regulation between the particularity of ethnic and na- tional judicial sovereignty for the life compensation. Compared the attitude of life compensation in Qing and the Republic China with that of Yuan and Ming dynasties, it is not difficult to find that the life compensation customary has a solid social foundation and strong vitality, the central government must realize the creative trans- formation of Tibetan life compensation on the ground of its historical reason.